Partial and clear-cut harvesting of high-elevation spruce-fir forests: implications for small mammal communities

نویسندگان

  • Walt Klenner
  • Thomas P. Sullivan
چکیده

Subalpine spruce (Picea) -fir (Abies) forests Occur throughout the Cordillera of western North America. A variety of alternative silvicultural systems to clear-cutting are being investigated in these high-elevation forests in terms of their impacts on ecosystem components. We tested the hypotheses that abundance, reproduction, and survival of populations of (i) southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors) will decline, (ii) long-tailed voles (Microtus longicaudus Merriam) and northwestern chipmunks (Tamias amoenus J.A. Allen) will increase. and (iii) deer mice (Perom.\'scus maniculatus Wagner) will be similar, with respect to decreasing levels of tree retention. Small mammal populations were live-trapped from 1994 to 1998 in replicated sites of uncut forest, single tree selection, 0.1-ha patch . cuts. 1.0-ha patch cuts, a 10.0-ha clearcut, and edges in an Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) subalpine fir (Abie.5 lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forest near Sicamous, British Columbia, Canada. Clethrionomys gapperi dominated the small mammal community, reaching a peak abundance of 80 animals/ha with mean values ranging from 31 to 50 animals/ha. Over the 4 postharvest years, abundance, reproduction, and survival of C. gapperi populations were consistently similar among uncut forest. single tree selection, and patch cut treatments compared with clear-cut sites where this species declined to extirpation. Microtus longicaudus and 7: amoenus occurred predominantly in clearcut sites. whereas ~ maniculatus was present in low numbers on all sites. With respect to small mammals, partial harvesting systems appear to provide a means for combining timber extraction with maintenance of mature forest habitat in these subalpine ecosystems. R~lae : Des forets subalpines d'epinette (Picea) et de sapin (Abies) croissent un peu partout dans la Cordillere de l'ouest de I. Amerique du Nord. Les impacts ecosystemiques de plusieurs systemes sylvicoles sont actuellement etudies comme solution de rechange a la coupe a blanc dans ces forets de haute altitude. Nous avons teste les hypotheses voulant que l.abondance, la reproduction et la survie de populations vont, en relation avec une diminution du niveau de retention d.arbres : (i) diminuer chez le campagnol a dos roux de Gapper (Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors); (ii) augmenter chez le campagnol a longue queue (Microtus longicaudus Merriam) et le tamia du Nord-Ouest (Tamias amoenus J.A. Allen); et (iii) rester stables chez la souris sylvestre (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner). Les populations de petits mammireres ont fait I' objet de piegeage non mortel de 1994 a 1998 dans des sites repetes de foret intacte. de jardinage par pied d'arbre, de coupes par trouees de 0,1 ha. de coupes par trouees de 1,0 ha, de coupes a blanc de 10,0 ha et de bordures, dans une foret d'epinettes d'Engelmann (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) et de sapins subalpins (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) pres de Sicamous, en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada. Clethrionomys gapperi dominait la communaute de petits mammireres, avec une abondance maximale atteignant 80 individus/ha et des valeurs moyennes de 31 a 50 individus/ha. Durant les 4 annees apres coupe, l'abondance, la reproduction et la survie des populations de C. gapperi etaient" de fa<;on soutenue semblables dans la foret intacte, le jardinage par pied d ' arbre et les coupes par trouees en comparaison avec les coupes a blanc oIl l'espece a diminue jusqu'a l'extirpation. Microtus Longicaudus et 7: amoenus occupaicnt surtout les coupes a blanc tandis que ~ maniculatus etait present partout mais peu abondant. Les systemes de coupe partielle semblent donc, quant aux petits mammireres, un moyen de combiner la recolte ligneuse et le maintien d'habitats de foret mature dans ces ecosystemes subalpins. [Traduit par la Redaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2005